Stone Building

Ambrosoli Block – Stone Castle // 1890

Buildings of New England1 Comment

The Ambrosoli Block, also known as the Stone Castle, is a stunning four-story building constructed of locally quarried Milford granite and brick, that has ties to the early development and history of Italians in Milford, Massachusetts. As local granite quarries in Milford prospered, many Italian-born immigrants settled in the community near their place of employment. Bernardo Ambrosoli (1843-1896), a well-known hotel proprietor in Boston’s North End, owned this structure in Milford, which served as a residential building and meeting and social hall for the local Italian community. The building was constructed by Giovanni Battista Giacomuzzi (1857-1919), a local stone cutter and builder. Bernardo Ambrosoli had connections to Milford as he also operated a hotel there, and owned this building which became a hub of early Italian-American life in town. The Stone Castle also served as the early meeting place for congregants of what would become the Sacred Heart Church of Milford. Bernardo Ambrosoli tragically died in 1896 when he was shot and killed by a bartender at his North End hotel. The Stone Castle, when built, was three stories tall with a one-and-a-half-story four-gabled roof on top, which burned in 1900. The present fourth floor in stone was added soon after with the brick banding showing the location of that addition. Today, the building is residential use.

Memorial Hall, Milford // 1884

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

Designed by architect Fred Swasey in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, Memorial Hall in Milford, Massachusetts, is one of the finest examples of the style in the state and is built of locally quarried Milford granite with Longmeadow brownstone. The building was constructed in 1884 to serve multiple purposes: a free public library, meeting hall for the local Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) lodge, and most importantly, a memorial to honor the Civil War soldiers and sailors of Milford and nearby Hopedale. As a true Memorial Hall, the building features cannons in the front yard and on its facade, carved brownstone panels inscribed “Farragut” and “Grant” after Civil War generals, David Farragut and Ulysses S. Grant. Inside, the main staircase features the names of iconic Civil War battles and the entry features large marble panels with the list of local men who fought and died to fight for the nation. The library moved out of the building in 1986 when the current library was built behind Memorial Hall, and since then, the space has been occupied by the Milford Historical Commission as a local history museum space.

Claflin & Thayer Shoe Shop // c.1866

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

The Claflin & Thayer Company was established in 1851 by Aaron Claflin (1807-1890) and quickly became a leading boot and shoe manufacturer in Milford, Massachusetts. The business expanded after the Civil War, and built multiple buildings on the town’s Central Street, including this early stone building constructed of locally quarried Milford “pink” granite. The building depicted here included a large engine and boilers on the first floor with two stories above housing workers and boot crimping stations. After Aaron Claflin died in 1890, the business dissolved and this building became used for storage for other corporations, with the significant, yet vernacular building sitting to deteriorate.

Milford Armory // 1912 

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

A source of local pride, the Milford Armory building on Pearl Street in Milford, Massachusetts, is an architectural landmark in the community and shows how adaptive reuse can give old buildings new life. The structure was completed in 1912 and constructed of locally quarried and cut Milford granite, a pinkish-grey granite that covers an area of approximately 39 square miles, centered around present-day Milford. Between the Civil War and WWII, the town of Milford became famous for its “pink” granite as a building material, with over 1,000 men laboring in dozens of quarries supplying the stone for some of America’s most iconic buildings including: the Boston Public Library, Worcester City Hall, as well as the original Penn Station and Natural History Museum in New York, among many others. Besides being built of local granite, the Armory was also designed by local architect, Wendell T. Phillips, who followed nationwide trends designing the building like a fortified Medieval castle with crenellated towers, with long and narrow windows recessed, emulating the slit windows used in similar medieval structures. Like in many communities all over the country, the need to store firearms and major National Guard trainings declined with some being demolished, others sitting vacant, and others like the Milford Armory, seeing new life. The Milford Armory was slated for closure in 2002 and was ultimately saved when the Town of Milford and the National Guard struck a deal to initially rent the building for a Youth Center and gymnasium and share the space with the Guard.  The armory was home to the popular Youth Center, which needed gym space not available anywhere else. The building was ultimately purchased by the town and underwent a massive restoration, being rededicated as the Milford Youth Center in 2016. 

Christ Church, Swansea // 1900

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

Designed in the mode of a traditional English country church, the Christ Church of Swansea is among the finest Neo-Gothic Revival edifices in New England and evokes a sense of history and tradition despite only being built in 1900. The church was funded by benefactors, Frank Shaw Stevens and Elizabeth Case Stevens, who lived down the street in the town’s largest mansion. After the death of her husband Frank, Elizabeth began a large gifting campaign to the Town of Swansea, and funded the construction of the town’s library, school, and this church (they had already funded the 1891 Town Hall). For the village church, Elizabeth hired their friend, and renowned English-born architect, Henry Vaughan, who designed the building with heavy granite walls, lancet windows and a facade dominated by an entry tower with rounded corner all capped by battlements. The Christ Church of Swansea resembles an old Medieval English church but in a New England village, amazing work as always Mr. Vaughan!

Frank S. Stevens Memorial Library – Swansea Public Library // 1900

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

Presented to the Town of Swansea by Elizabeth Stevens as a memorial library of her late husband, Frank Shaw Stevens, the Stevens Memorial Library (also known as the Swansea Public Library) is one of the finest small-town buildings of its kind in Massachusetts. Elizabeth and her husband, Frank Stevens, lived in a large mansion nearby on Main Street and in their older years, began to bequeath their fortune to their community that they made home. The couple funded the Swansea Town Hall, a large church, and schools along with this handsome library. Built in 1900, the Swansea Library was designed by architect, Henry Vaughan, an English-born architect who designed some of the best English-inspired buildings in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For the Stevens Memorial Library in Swansea, Vaughan drew upon Elizabethan precedence and employed the use of granite and red Potsdam sandstone to create a warm, yet stately presence on the towns Main Street. With its state roof capped by an octagonal cupola and mullioned windows in arched surrounds, the eclectic building is timeless and has been lovingly preserved by the local community, who also expanded the building to the rear, taking great care to make it less visible from the street and preserve the main building.

Darius Lothrop House // c.1830

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

Located on North Main Street in Sharon, Massachusetts, the Darius Lothrop House stands as a unique late-Georgian style residence built of locally quarried stone. Darius Lothrop (1777-1841) is said to have built the large, two-story house in the 1830s and resided here until his death in 1841. The Lothrop House retains its large gambrel roof, center entry set within the stonework, splayed lintels over the first floor windows, and twin shed dormers.

Hopedale Village Cemetery Tool House // 1894

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

At the heart of the Hopedale Village Cemetery, this diminutive historic tool shed and office showcases that even for functional buildings set within a cemetery, high-quality materials and good design can enhance the landscape. The cemetery was laid out in 1845 in connection with Hopedale’s Utopian settlement, but expanded later in the 19th century as a formal landscaped cemetery in about 1887. The growth and investment of the cemetery coincides with the growth of the community as it prospered with the success of the Draper Corporation factories in town. Landscape architect, Warren Henry Manning updated the landscape here, with scenic vistas and hills, which followed the popular Rural cemetery movement of the 19th century. The cemetery contains many graves and mausoleums of the wealthy factory managers and benefactors of the community, which dot the sprawling landscape. In 1894, architect, Robert Allen Cook, designed this stone tool shed, which may have also contained a small office with cemetery records. The one-story, hip-roofed building features rough rubblestone walls with an eyebrow dormer centered on the façade, and has been preserved by the community for well over 100 years.

George Hail Free Library // 1888

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

The George Hail Free Library on Main Street in Warren, Rhode Island, is a unique, Victorian-era public library building that has been lovingly preserved by the community. Built in 1888, the building cost just over $16,000 and was designed in a more vertical expression of the Romanesque Revival style by the Providence architectural firm of William Walker and Son and built of rough-faced granite. The library is named after George Hail (1793-1873), a merchant, philanthropist, industrialist, and native son of Warren. His second wife, Martha Hail died in 1882 and left $5,000 and their home to the Warren Public Library provided that the name of the Library be changed to the George Hail Free Library in memory of her husband. The Library Committee agreed and planning began soon after for a new, purpose built library we see today. The exterior is distinguished, but the interior is also well-preserved, with original cherry woodwork grained to resemble mahogany, brass gaslighting fixtures, fireplaces, and leaded glass windows patterned with stained glass, together with some of the original furniture, that preserve a sense of the original setting.

Leet Store // 1909

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

The handsome rubblestone commercial block at the corner of Main and Water streets in Chester, Connecticut, was built in 1909 by Italian stone masons for Joseph H. Leet and contained a grain and feed store, with other spaces in the building rented out. Decades later, the old Leet Store became a auto repair shop and the upstairs space was used as a meeting hall and theater for the community. The building was restored in 1979 and expanded at the rear with a two-story wood-frame addition for additional commercial space.

Old Stone Store, Chester // 1809

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

Colloquially known as the “Stone Store,” this handsome stone structure in Chester Village, Connecticut, was built by William Buck in 1809, a merchant involved in the West Indies trade. The stone for the building is believed to have come from the Chester quarry in town and was likely more vernacular without the columned portico. The four-columned Doric portico was likely added in the 1830s or 1840s as the Greek Revival style surged in popularity. The two side wings were added in the 20th century. The Old Stone Store has held various uses from a store, tavern, post office and liquor store, while the upper floor has served as a private school, the town’s library and an apartment. The Old Stone Store today acts as the western terminus of the town’s Main Street commercial district.

Mount Saint John School // 1908

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

The former Mount Saint John School in Deep River, Connecticut, sits atop a hill on the western banks of the Connecticut River and is a visual landmark in every sense of the word. The school was founded by the Diocese of Hartford, who acquired the site in Deep River and began construction on the present building in 1907. Completed by 1908, the stone building (architect not known at this time), served as an industrial school for 100 boys in the Hartford region aged 8-16. The school, led by the Xaverian Brothers, was intended to educate troubled young men in the Catholic faith and learn working skills for a profession. The use changed numerous times throughout the 20th century, and ended up becoming the Mount Saint John School. Then under the Norwich Diocese, the school became known as the Mt. Saint John School. The school closed years ago and the historic building and surrounding campus’ future are uncertain.

Harcourt Wood Memorial Library // 1902

Buildings of New England2 Comments

Derby’s main public library building, the Harcourt Wood Memorial Library, is located a few blocks from the city’s downtown on a unique triangular lot formed by Elizabeth and Caroline Streets. The one-story library is one of the finest of its period in all of New England and is built primarily out of Ansonia granite. The library was designed by architect Hartley Dennett and is notable for its Colonial Revival style porticoed entrance and distinctive rounded Flemish gables on the side walls. The interior is said to retain most of its original woodwork and many of its original furnishings. The building was constructed in 1902 following the donation of land and funds for its construction by Hamilton Holton Wood, a native of Montreal who made his fortune operating Derby’s streetcar railway system. The library is named in honor of Wood’s son Harcourt, who died at the age of 12 in 1897. The community does a great job at preserving the structure, which is one of the finest of its type in the region. 

Stone Village Schoolhouse // 1835

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

Across the street from the Gideon Lee House in the Stone Village of Chester, Vermont, this historic schoolhouse is one of the oldest in the state and one of the few extant schoolhouses built in stone in New England. The Stone Village Schoolhouse is a rare example of a snecked ashlar building, where the construction method is said to have been brought to the area by masons from Scotland and Ireland which is known there as ‘Celtic Bond’. Oral tradition state that Scottish masons from Canada introduced the technique to local masons while erecting a mill in nearby Cavendish in 1832. Local Chester resident, Dr. Ptolemy Edson became such a fan of the building that in 1834, he had his home, the first stone building in Chester, built in this method. He then would influence the rest of the North Village of Chester, where many of his neighbors, as well as the church and schoolhouse, built their structures in snecked ashlar. Completed in 1835, the schoolhouse is a single-story rectangular plan building with the end gables forming a high pitched roof with a bell cupola over the facade’s gable. The snecked ashlar siding appears only on the first floor with traditional wood clapboard siding in the gable above. Built as School No. 3 for Chester, the building converted to residential use in the 20th century, but still maintains its important materiality and the iconic school bell, allowing passersby to understand its original purpose.

Stone Village Unitarian Church // 1845

Buildings of New EnglandLeave a comment

The Stone Village of Chester, Vermont, is said to be the largest collection of stone buildings in the state, and is anchored by its largest building, the Unitarian Church. Built in 1845, the Unitarian Universalist Church is one of a few dozen “snecked ashlar” buildings in the region, where rubblestone is laid up with mortar using small long stones called “snecks” to tie an outer and an inner wall together. The construction method is said to have been brought to the area by masons from Scotland and Ireland which is known there as ‘Celtic Bond’. Oral tradition state that Scottish masons from Canada introduced the technique to local masons while erecting a mill in nearby Cavendish in 1832. Local Chester resident, Dr. Ptolemy Edson became such a fan of the building that in 1834, he had his home, the first stone building in Chester, built in this method. Dr. Edson served on the building committee for the new village church, and likely pushed for a cohesive material and construction method for this church and other buildings soon after. The Stone Village Unitarian Church blends Greek Revival and Gothic Revival styles in a more vernacular way, typical in many rural Vermont communities. The building exhibits stained glass windows that were added sometime in the late 19th or early 20th century.