Massachusetts House

Susan Minns House // 1912

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Susan Minns (1839-1938), one of the first women to graduate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a trained biologist and collector, and benefactor to many scientific and environmental causes in her home state, purchased four acres of farmland in Princeton, Massachusetts in 1910 to build her country house. Ms. Minns lived on Louisburg Square in Beacon Hill, but would ultimately fall in love with living near nature in Central Massachusetts and established Princeton as her year-round residence. Built in 1912, Minns’ house is said to have been inspired by her many travels to England and was designed after an old publishing house she saw there. The long and low “cottage” of stone and wood has always been covered at its roof with red asphalt shingles. While in Princeton, Susan spend much of her inheritance to acquire large amounts of land in town, including two farms and 140 acres around Little Wachusett Mountain, a picturesque drumlin covered in forest. In 1926, Miss Minns donated the entirety of Little Wachusett to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as a wildlife sanctuary, which for 100 years, has been managed by the State as the Minns Wildlife Sanctuary. Susan Minns’ legacy lives on, not only in the form of her rustic Princeton home, but for her generosity and foresight to preserve important open space for the benefit of all.

Osgood Farmhouse // c.1794

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When the town of Princeton was incorporated, vast land holdings were acquired, sold, and subdivided into large farmsteads for families moving westward from Boston. Part of the land in present-day Princeton was owned by William Brattle of Cambridge, but was undeveloped and confiscated by the Government as Brattle was a Loyalist, and sold in 1781. The property was purchased by David Osgood and later inherited by his son, Houghton Osgood (1768-1844), who built this farmhouse around 1794. The farmhouse and surrounding property with small pond, remained in the Osgood family until the mid 20th century.

Captain David Rice Farmhouse // 1785 & 1905

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Captain David Rice (1757-1825) was a resident of Rutland, Massachusetts, upon the outbreak of the American Revolution, where he served as fought in the local militia. After the war, David Rice married Abigail Newton in 1785 and purchased farmland in the western portion of Princeton, Massachusetts. With a property of over 100 acres, David and Abigail Rice had this farmhouse built, which is believed to be the main block of the present house on Old Colony Road. The Rice family farm was impacted in 1825 by the deaths of both Capt. David Rice and his eldest son, David Rice Jr., within four months of each other. The Rice farmland, which at the time of the patriarch’s death, included 121 acres and it underwent a complex division among the heirs, who included the two Rice widows. In 1852, area resident, Simeon Clark, purchased the Rice farmstead and modernized the house in the Greek Revival style, adding a side ell and corner pilasters which remain today. The property was again enlarged and “modernized” in the early 20th century with the present Queen Anne Victorian modifications which include the the paired ridge chimneys, projecting cornice, side ell, bay windows at the facade, pedimented dormers with patterned shingles, and the full-length front porch. The house was renovated from a farmhouse to a country estate, similar to many other area farmhouses in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Princeton.

Mount Pleasant House – Edward Whitney House // 1875

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After the Civil War, summer tourism boomed in New England towns, where city residents flocked to the coasts or mountain towns as a respite from the hot and polluted city. Princeton, Massachusetts, became a favorite location for Boston and Worcester families, due to the extensive farmland, forests, and hilly terrain which provided cool summer breezes of fresh air. Due to this, a number of summer hotels were built in Princeton, including the Mount Pleasant House in 1868. Owner, Charles Augustus Whittaker, opened the main block of the house to summer boarders in 1868, which would see immediate success. The three-bay mansard-roofed Second Empire style residence was outgrown in the first couple summers and in 1875, Whittaker would expand the building with two side wings of the same style, to accommodate up to 60 guests. Moses Goodnow (1846-1934), the nephew of Edward A. Goodnow, a wealthy benefactor to the town, would acquire the hotel in 1879 and operated the facility until 1908, when the summer hotels began to see less visitors. In 1912, wealthy Worcester-based manufacturers, Edward C. and Harry S. Whitney, purchased the Mount Pleasant House, subdivided its lot, and divided the house in two, each taking one half as their private summer residence. The original section was occupied by Harry and remained on its site and the wing, this house, was moved down the street for his brother, Edward. The building has remained a single family residence and is a stellar example of its style.

Original Mount Pleasant House before split.

Mount Pleasant House – Harry Whitney House // 1868

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After the Civil War, summer tourism boomed in New England towns, where city residents flocked to the coasts or mountain towns as a respite from the hot and polluted city. Princeton, Massachusetts, became a favorite location for Boston and Worcester families, due to the extensive farmland, forests, and hilly terrain which provided cool summer breezes of fresh air. Due to this, a number of summer hotels were built in Princeton, including the Mount Pleasant House in 1868. Owner, Charles Augustus Whittaker, opened the main block of the house to summer boarders in 1868, which would see immediate success. The three-bay mansard-roofed Second Empire style residence was outgrown in the first couple summers and in 1875, Whittaker would expand the building with two side wings of the same style, to accommodate up to 60 guests. Moses Goodnow (1846-1934), the nephew of Edward A. Goodnow, a wealthy benefactor to the town, would acquire the hotel in 1879 and operated the facility until 1908, when the summer hotels began to see less visitors. In 1912, wealthy Worcester-based manufacturers, Edward C. and Harry S. Whitney, purchased the Mount Pleasant House, subdivided its lot, and divided the house in two, each taking one half as their private summer residence. The original section, this building, was occupied by Harry and remained on its site and the wing was moved down the street for his brother, Edward. The building remained a single family residence until the 1980s when it was converted to five condominium units, retaining its architectural integrity.

Original Mount Pleasant House before split.

Abijah Moore Tavern – Locust Lawn // c.1750 & 1890

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A Colonial-era tavern that was Victorianized in the 19th century as a summer residence, only in New England! This stately mansion sits on Merriam Road in the charming town of Princeton, Massachusetts and was originally built by 1750 as a tavern/inn. Owner Abijah Moore (1724-1792) built the residence here as the road in front of his property was the main east-west highway between Lancaster and Barre, part of the Old Bay Path in the Commonwealth. When Princeton was first incorporated in 1759, it was in this house that the newly formed community held their first meetings. In 1765, Moore sold the property and moved to Vermont, and the Tavern became a farmhouse, renovated in the early 19th century with twin chimneys and barns behind. As Princeton shifted from agricultural to a summer colony, the property was purchased by Thomas Hastings Russell, who spent summers in his modified family homestead across the street. The traditional New England farmhouse was “modernized” in around 1890 with a full-length porch with corner gazebo and renamed Locust Lawn. The property was gifted to Thomas’ daughter, Mary, and her husband, Edward, as their own summer home.

Russell Mansion House // 1823 & 1874

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Located in the Russell Corner section of Princeton, Massachusetts, this handsome brick mansion had its start as a smaller commercial building before becoming one of the grandest residences in town. In 1823, Charles Russell (1793-1882) built this square brick building to house his store, a post office, and second floor meeting hall for public gatherings and the local Masonic Lodge and local anti-slavery society. By the mid-nineteenth century, Charles Russell was a well-known figure in Boston. He was elected first as representative to the State Legislature and later as representative of the County of Worcester to the State Senate. He and his wife, Persis, had two sons, Charles Theodore Russell (1815-1896) and Thomas Hastings Russell (1820-1911), who both became prominent lawyers and politicians. In about 1874, Thomas Russell enlarged the family’s commercial block in Princeton, adding a third floor in the form of a mansard roof, a wrap-around porch, and belvedere at the roof. The old store became known as the Mansion House and served as Thomas’ summer residence outside of the city. The Mansion House has been lovingly preserved and is a lasting landmark that tells the story of Princeton from its beginnings as a rural community to an exclusive summer colony in the 19th century.

Captain Benjamin Harrington House – Fernside // 1835

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Near the side of Mount Wachusett in Princeton, Massachusetts, Fernside has seen nearly two centuries of changing use but has maintained its significance all the while. This house was originally built in 1835 by Captain Benjamin Livermore Harrington (1774-1851) as a late example of a Federal style farmhouse with a symmetrical, five-bay facade and center entrance. Local resident, Wilkes Roper, bought the house in 1870 as the town of Princeton became desirable as a summer retreat, offering visitors cool mountain breezes and sweeping views of central Massachusetts. Mr. Roper added the side wings and opened the house as the Summer House Hotel, primarily renting rooms to Harvard professors and students. By 1890, the building had become the Vacation House for Working Girls. Renamed Fernside, the property became a resort for working women who could not otherwise have afforded a vacation. A week’s stay would have cost these ladies $4 in 1900. Guests arrived by train and were met by the Fernside carriage, which brought them and their luggage to the property. While staying here, the girls hiked the mountain, enjoyed fresh vegetables from the garden, and spent evenings in the library with charades, musicals, theatricals and dancing. Fernside’s final summer as a vacation house was 1988. Today, the property is home to Fernside at McLean, a rehabilitation center operated by McLean Hospital.

Isaac F. Thompson House // 1875

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Isaac Franklin Thompson (1823-1900) was a descendant of one of the earliest settlers of Princeton, Massachsuetts. He and his brother-in-law, Phineas Beaman, were early proprietors of the Wachusett House, a hotel in Princeton that catered to visitors arriving to town to take in cool mountain breezes and views during the summer months. In 1860, Isaac Thompson purchased the Greek Revival style Baptist Church in town and converted it into the Prospect House, a large summer hotel with expansive porches to provide visitors with sweeping views near the village. When Isaac Thompson retired from his role as a hotelier in 1874, he had this home built on the outskirts of the main village to enjoy his retirement. The handsome residence operated as the Dutchess Tea House from the 1930s-1950s, and was converted back to a single-family residence later in the 20th century.

Howe-Muzzy-Parker House // 1822

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Once painted and now slowly returning to its former glory, the Joel Howe House on Merriam Road is an example of a typical middle-class residence of the early 19th century in the community of Princeton. Joel Howe (1797-1864) was formerly a resident of Holden and came to Princeton to marry Lydia Merriam, who’s family had lived in the town since 1788. Joel worked as a blacksmith and reportedly maintained his blacksmith shop in the house and barn built in 1822 and still standing nearby. The family would move to West Boylston and Joel would sell the property to a colleague, fellow blacksmith, Benjamin F. Muzzy (1828-1887). In the late 19th century, the old brick residence was owned by Dr. Charles Edward Parker a notable physician in town. In the 20th century, the house was painted, but is slowly being worn off by time, giving the house a sort of vitiligo effect.

Parker Farmhouse // c.1777

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The enchanting town of Princeton, Massachusetts, was incorporated in 1759, created out of land that was previously part of nearby Rutland. The town was named after Rev. Thomas Prince, a prominent clergyman, scholar and historian. Known as the Parker Farmhouse, this Georgian-era residence in Princeton dates to 1777, when Thomas Parker (1727-1799) of Lexington, purchased farmland here and began constructing the family homestead soon-after. Thomas resided in the home with his wife, Jane, and their only child, Ebenezer Parker (1750-1839). The Parker’s laid out a family cemetery near the homestead, now known as West Sterling Cemetery, where many generations of the family are buried. Thomas and Ebenezer seem to have run the homestead as a tavern by the late 18th century. The farmhouse remained in the family for generations, and maintains much of its original character.

Stone Estate and Gate Lodges // 1910

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Jutting into Buzzards Bay in Marion, Massachusetts, Great Hill is significant not only as the highest point in town but it is also home to one of the grandest estates in New England. Before the present mansion and various outbuildings were constructed here in the early 20th century, the property was home to Marion House, a sprawling 1860s resort hotel that drew hundreds of summer guests every year. In the early 1900s, Boston financier and Hayden, Stone & Co. co-founder, Galen L. Stone (1862-1926) bought the entire 312-acre peninsula and had the old hotel torn down. In its place, Stone commissioned this massive Tudor-style stone mansion with a central Great Hall built from stone quarried in Pennsylvania and shaped on-site by dozens of stonecutters. The estate was designed by architect, Horace Frazer of the firm, Chapman & Frazer, and it takes strong design elements from the country estates in the English countryside. Inside, the spaces are finished largely in oak with the grounds dotted with formal gardens, greenhouses, by landscape architects, Shurcliff & Shurcliff. The castle-like Main House, was greatly reduced from its original size in the 1950s to make the residence more manageable for later descendants, but even over one hundred years later, it remains one of the most impressive English Revival country houses in the United States, and the property’s grounds are open on weekdays for walking and cycling on paved roads.

“Fair Oaks” // 1903

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One of the many grand Summer estates on the coast of Sippican Harbor in Marion, Massachusetts, is this mansion known as “Fair Oaks”. The residence was built in 1903 in the Tudor Revival style for Otis A. Shepard a wealthy lumber dealer in Boston. Given Shepard’s line of work he not surprisingly called his summer estate “Fair Oaks”, and his house’s building materials were undoubtedly supplied by his company. For his summer estate, Shepard hired Boston architect, Charles Allerton Coolidge, who spent summers at his own cottage nearby and designed many historic homes in Marion for other summer residents. A number of years later, the property was purchased by Elizabeth F. Clark and her husband Edward A. Clark (1868-1922), a stock broker in Boston. Exterior and interior images of the house during Clark’s ownership appeared in architectural publications in 1919, highlighting the architecture and interior design.

Austin Cottage and Moon Gate // 1885

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The Austin Cottage and Moon Gate on Water Street in Marion, Massachusetts, are iconic landmarks in the community that showcase the architectural history of this coastal community. The Queen Anne style “cottage” was designed by Boston architect and Marion summer resident, William Gibbons Preston, for Judge James Walker Austin (1829-1895) in 1885. Early in his professional career, James W. Austin left Boston for the Hawaiian Islands, where he was recruited by King Kamehameha as a legal advisor and went on to serve as district attorney. He was elected a member of the Hawaiian parliament three times and was later appointed as judge in the Hawaiian Supreme Court and eventually became chief justice there before moving back to Boston in the 1870s. Judge Austin and his family summered at this cottage, known as “Edgewater” until his death, but the property remained in the Austin Family with final ownership held by the couple’s daughter Edith Austin (1873-1957). According to local lore, the moon gate was built for Edith around 1922 as an entrance to her extensive gardens. Edith is said to have been inspired by photographs of moon gates shared by her friend June Butler, who had married Parker Converse, who also summered in Marion, following their honeymoon in China. Local stones were used to construct the circular gate and the elements on the cornice of the gate were obtained from China. In Chinese culture moon gates are thought to offer an auspicious welcome or fortune to those who pass through with the ducks that adorn the top apparently symbolizing wealth and marital bliss. The garden has since been subdivided from the Austin estate, which was damaged in the 1938 New England Hurricane but both remain preserved today.

George House // 1929

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This Georgian Revival house on Butler Point in Marion, Massachusetts, was built in 1929 at the period of great transition of many coastal communities in New England between the Gilded Age and later summer cottage period of prosperity and the Great Depression.The “cottage” here was built for Jerome R. George (1867-1942), vice president and chief engineer of the Morgan Construction Company of Worcester and avid boater. A native of Ohio, he was a
noted designer of steel mills in the United States, Europe, and India and built this home, likely as their summer retreat.
The house is prominently sited and is one of the best examples of the Colonial Revival style I have seen in the seaside town. It is clad in cedar shingles as a nod to the vernacular coastal homes and larger Victorian-era summer homes seen in the village but resembles the 18th century Colonial homes with an elaborate pedimented entry, symmetrical facade, corner quoins, and massive brick chimneys.