Downtown Providence Architecture

Providence National Bank Building // 1951-2005

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On Weybosset Street in Downtown Providence, stands the facade of a building that tells the story of the city. The Providence National Bank originally opened in 1791 as one of just five banks in the country. The longtime home of the institution, the 1774 Joseph Brown House was outgrown and following a merger with the Merchants National Bank, the company elected to build a new headquarters. Constructed in 1929 on the site of the old Lyceum Building on Westminster Street, the Providence National Bank Building was designed by the local firm Howe & Church in a stately Colonial Revival style. The bank merged with the Union Trust and again expanded its facilities with a 1951 addition with frontage on Weybosset Street, the last remaining piece of the structure. Designed in the Colonial Revival style, the Weybosset elevation is five bays wide with a projecting central pavilion, quoined corners, and splayed keystone window lintels beneath a broad entablature. The bank itself passed through several names and owners over the decades, but the building’s real trouble began in 2005, when the Westminster Street portion was razed to clear the way for a proposed condominium tower that was never built, leaving behind a surface parking lot. Only the Weybosset Street facade survived, propped up on rusting steel beams for years and nearly slated for demolition in 2009 before preservation advocates and the Mayor’s office intervened. The site is a reminder to disallow demolition until a financed and permitted project is approved.

Westminster Arcade // 1828

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Westminster Street Facade

The Westminster Arcade, also known as the Providence Arcade, in Downtown Providence, was built in 1828 as the first enclosed shopping mall in the United States. Built in 1828, the Arcade extends a full block between Westminster and Weybosset streets and is a landmark early example of the Greek Revival style. The Arcade was designed by architect, Russell Warren who collaborated with Tallman & Bucklin on the design, who were likely inspired by early shopping arcades in Europe. When the granite building opened, the mall featured three floors of shops, each designed around the central promenade illuminated by skylights in the ceiling, which provided illumination until the incorporation of electric light, which in this sense, is strikingly similar to the modern shopping malls of the mid-to-late 1900s. As suburbanization and retail shopping struggles post-WWII occurred in Downtown Providence, the Arcade experienced high tenant turnover, with the upper floors particularly struggling to attract businesses. After various restorations of the National Historic Landmark, the building reopened in 2013 with office and retail spaces on the ground floor and 48 affordable apartments on the upper two stories, providing an innovative mixed-use way to preserve and fund this important building.

Weybosset Street Facade

Earle Building // c.1898

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A very late example of a Second Empire style commercial block, the Earle Building on Washington Street in Downtown Providence stands as a handsome addition to the urban environment with its human scale and high-quality design. The building is said to have been built by William H. Earle with retail storefronts at the street with offices above. William Earle was a partner in the company, Earle & Prew, an express mailing company (similar to Fedex today). The relatively simple massing is broken up by two-story projecting oriel bays.

Shepard’s Department Store Block // 1903

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Do you remember Shepard’s Department Store?


At the corner of Westminster and Union Streets in Downtown Providence stands the Shepard Company Building, a hulking reminder of the late 19th and early 20th century dominance of the department store and the American downtown as a retail destination. The company opened in 1880 in a modest 6,400-square-foot storefront, and saw immediate success, eventually occupying an entire city block. The company grew piecemeal into neighboring buildings between 1880-1903 when the entire 300,000+ square foot block was completed from plans by Martin & Hall, architects. Architecturally, the building tells its own history in layers: it started as a modest three-story Italianate structure, and later additions brought two-story arched entrances angled into the corners at Westminster and Union, and Washington and Union, that once lured shoppers inside to terrazzo floors with a sea of merchandise. Outside, a freestanding cast-iron clock became a beloved meeting point, with generations of Rhode Islanders arranging to gather “at the clock”. A massive fire in March 1923, caused over one million dollars’ worth of damage, but the structure was restored under Hall’s supervision. Shepard’s closed in 1974 and remained vacant for almost 20 years. After advocacy from preservationists, the building was bought by the State of Rhode Island and was rehabilitated by David Presbrey, the building is now the location of the Providence Campus of the University of Rhode Island, the Rhode Island Department of Education, and other state offices and education-related facilities.

Merchants Bank Building // 1857

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The Merchants Bank Building on Westminster Street at the edge of Downtown Providence, is a rare surviving mid-19th century commercial block that survived periods of commercialization, urban renewal and eventual rebirth of this iconic New England city. The Italianate style, six-story flatiron building is sheathed in brownstone and was designed by architects Alpheus C. Morse and Clifton A. Hall as one of the first buildings in Providence’s financial district, which today is comprised of much larger modern skyscrapers. The handsome structure was built for the Merchants Bank, a financial institution that had been organized in February 1818 and was reorganized as a national bank in 1865. Royal C. Taft, governor of Rhode Island, was president of the bank for forty years, from 1868 to 1908. In May 1926 the Merchants National Bank merged with the Providence National Bank, with the combined institution taking the name of the Providence National Bank, but they moved into this building until they completed a new building in 1930. Since then, the building has been home to professional offices, and remains a well-preserved early banking building in Providence.

Arnold Building // 1896

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Located next door to the narrow George C. Arnold Building on Washington Street in Downtown Providence, the 1896 Arnold Building was constructed by George’s father, who was also a real estate developer. The Arnold Building was designed by local architect Clifton A. Hall for William Rhodes Arnold (1839-1912), who employed innovative design details to make the modestly priced building stand out architecturally and provide additional light inside. The yellow brick building is notable for its upper floors with segmental arched windows, prismatic bay windows, and patterned brickwork panels and cornice which adds a lot of texture to the facade. The building serves as an important low-rise commercial building in Providence, which enhances the walkable streets there. 

George C. Arnold Building // 1923

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The narrowest commercial building in Downtown Providence, the George C. Arnold Building, is only just over 12-feet wide and is one of the lesser-known landmarks tucked away amongst the larger commercial blocks and civic buildings. The block was built in 1923 for owner, George C. Arnold (1868-1938) by the local firm of William R. Walker & Son, who designed buildings all over the state. Arnold owned considerable property in Downtown and following a street widening on Washington Street in 1917, he sought to make use of his diminished lot by building the current structure rather than sell the sliver of land for a loss. The brick-sheathed building runs seven bays along Washington Street with Chicago style windows in these bays to bring light inside the building. In 2013, the building was acquired by the Providence Revolving Fund which collaborated with developer-builders Lori Quinn and David Stem to rehabilitate the building. It is currently in use as mixed-use property with two commercial spaces on the street level and three residential units on the upper floors.

Loew’s State Theatre – Providence Performing Arts Center // 1928

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The old Loew’s State Theatre, now the Providence Performing Arts Center in Downtown Providence, opened on October 6, 1928, as one of the grand movie palaces built by the Loews chain during Hollywood’s golden age. Designed by the Chicago firm Rapp & Rapp, the country’s leading theater architects at the time, the building blends Baroque and Rococo influences earning it the nickname “The Jewel of Weybosset Street.” The primary facade is a four-story, terra-cotta sheathed, steel-frame structure with with fluted pilasters, molded panels, finials at the parapet, and a large modified prismatic marquee. On the Richmond Street elevation, a one-story brick structure with terra-cotta trim and secondary entrance/exit provides additional flair to what would otherwise be a more stripped-down feature. After WWII, when theaters began to see declining revenue, the building cycled through names like the Palace Concert Theatre and Ocean State Theatre before a group of local preservationists and civic leaders saved it from possible demolition in the late 70s. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 and the theater reopened as the Providence Performing Arts Center in 1982. The roughly 3,100-seat venue has since been carefully restored to its original splendor and today ranks among the largest and best-preserved movie-palace-era theaters in New England, hosting national Broadway tours, concerts, and comedy shows.

Union Trust Company Building // 1901

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Said to be the first skyscraper built in Providence, the Union Trust Company Building on Dorrance Street is one of the finest architectural masterpieces in Rhode Island. The twelve-story tower is finished in red brick with limestone trim and features the base-shaft-capital organization, a design standard for early skyscraper architects to make very tall buildings look balanced. The base here as the bottom two floors, entirely uses stone to show strength, holding the weight above and with large glass windows for the street edge; the shaft uses repeating window designs and showcases the height of the building, drawing your eyes upward; and the capital, which brings a strong cornice and intricate parapet serving as a crown, finishing the building. The architectural firm of Stone, Carpenter & Willson furnished the plans for the building for Marsden J. Perry, the President of the Union Trust Company, as the company offices with a banking hall at the ground level. Above the entrance a sculpture, Indian and Puritan by Daniel Chester French, greets visitors along with the many stained glass medallion windows. The Union Trust Company Building is really a feast for the eyes!

Slade Building // 1881

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The Slade Building on Washington Street in Downtown Providence represents the architectural flourish and blending of architectural styles that typified commercial blocks in major New England cities in the late 19th century. The commercial block was named and built for owner, George H. Slade, who was involved in real estate development along with his role as part-owner of Westcott, Slade and Balcom, a paint manufacturing company. The building was designed by Rhode Island architect, Clifton A. Hall (1826-1913) who primarily worked locally. After George’s death, the property remained in the family, and in 1895, the corner tower, also designed by Hall, was added as a way to modernize and bring in new tenants. The block has been rehabilitated and is one of the finest and best-preserved examples of a late 19th century commercial building in Downtown Providence.

Old Providence Custom House and Post Office // 1857

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One of the finest buildings in Downtown Providence, the old Custom House and Post Office is a landmark, showcasing how Federal buildings were once well designed and meant to show stability through high-quality design and materials. The stately building was completed in 1857 from plans by architect, Ammi Young, who became the Supervising Architect of the U.S. Treasury Department in 1852. Ammi Young designed a number of notable buildings all over New England, with his finest being the many custom houses and other Federal buildings. For the Providence Custom House and Post Office, he utilized granite from quarries in Quincy, Massachusetts for its walls to show strength, with a hipped roof and metal dome and corner quoins as additional design elements. The building can be classified as a blending of Greek Revival and Italianate styles with the use of both pedimented and arched window treatments and blocky form. The building housed federal offices until November 1909, when a new and larger Federal Building was erected a few blocks away. The Federal Government vacated the structure in 1989 and was ultimately bought by the State of Rhode Island and converted to office space for the State Courts System. After extensive renovation at a cost of $550,000, the building was opened by the state in 1992 as the John E. Fogarty Judicial Complex.

Providence Telephone Credit Union Building // 1976

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Located in the western part of Downtown Providence, this period-piece of 1970s architecture is one of the few interesting buildings constructed following the destruction of the surrounding neighborhood as part of the Weybosset Hill Urban Renewal program. The unique two-story brick commercial building was constructed in 1976 as the home to the Providence Telephone Credit Union, which was affiliated with the larger Providence Telephone Company located next door. This building is the work of local architect, Zane Anderson, who designed the edifice with brick facing and projecting cylindrical turrets, arched window openings and rounded corners, all typical design details in historic Downtown buildings, but as a modern interpretation.

Providence Telephone & Telegraph Building // 1916

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Despite the expansion of its Union Street building ten years earlier, by WWI, the growth of the Providence Telephone Company had made its original building inadequate. In 1916, the company began construction on its new Telephone Building at the corner of Washington and Greene streets. The 8-story, Colonial Revival style structure was designed by the Providence architectural firm of Clarke & Howe. The building is steel-frame and largely clad with red brick besides the arcaded first two stories in marble. At the roofline, a center gable projects above the cornice, likely in the 1950s renovation when the elevator headhouse was built on the roof. The building was again expanded in 1971 by a utilitarian addition that does not relate to its original design beyond the use of brick. The building is now home to the regional office of Verizon New England.

Old Providence Telephone Building // 1893

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Located on the narrow Union Street in Downtown Providence, Rhode Island, this stunning late 19th century building was designed by the most prominent architectural firm in the state, Stone, Carpenter & Willson as the home of the Providence Telephone Company. Telephones were originally introduced in Providence in 1879, and by 1893, the need for a centralized office led to the construction of this building. The structure was originally just three stories, but as demand and the use of the telephone grew, so did this building, which added two floors in 1906. The handsome brick and terracotta facade is extremely ornate and includes a more strong Classical base and foliate terracotta friezes and columns above with projecting bays to bring light into the building. The building was again outgrown and the Providence Telephone Company moved into a new, purpose-built office building nearby in 1917. This structure remained professional offices and today, the upper floors have been converted to apartments with lower levels occupied by live/work loft spaces and two commercial storefronts.

Caesar Misch Building // 1903

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One of the many great commercial blocks in Downtown Providence, the narrow Caesar Misch Building runs along Empire Street between Westminster and Chapel streets as a well-preserved early 20th century building. Designed by the architectural firm of Martin & Hall for owner, Caesar Misch (1857-1908) as one of his department stores. Caesar Misch was born in Berlin, Germany and immigrated to the United States, eventually settling in Providence. There, he opened a department store and saw immediate success, opening more throughout New England in the early 20th century. After his unexpected death in 1908, his wife, Marion Misch (1869-1941) took control of the business, becoming the first woman in New England to head a department store. The Downtown Providence building stands six-stories and is notable for its brick walls with contrasting elaborate stone frieze and window surrounds.